Get questioning strategies and practical tips for using guided conversations to uncover how sixth-graders think and communicate about mathematical concepts.

Get strategies and practical tips for using guided conversations to explore how second-graders think about mathematical concepts.

Get questioning strategies and practical tips for using guided conversations to uncover how third-grade students approach specific mathematical concepts.

Get strategies and practical tips for using guided conversations to explore how fourth-graders think about mathematical concepts.

Learn guided conversation strategies to provide fifth-grade students opportunities to communicate how they think about mathematics.

This report documents the results of an item parameter drift study designed to check the parameter stability of MAP Growth items.

School officials regularly use school-aggregate test scores to monitor school performance and make policy decisions. In this report, RAND researchers investigate one specific issue that may contaminate utilization of COVID-19–era school-aggregate scores and result in faulty comparisons with historical and other proximal aggregate scores: changes in school composition over time. To investigate this issue, they examine data from NWEA’s MAP Growth assessments, interim assessments used by states and districts during the 2020–2021 school year.