Research brief


When does inequality grow? School, summer, and achievement gaps
What role does schooling play in the development of racial and ethnic inequalities in academic skills? An analysis of 2M students provides insights into seasonal learning and achievement gaps.
By: Megan Kuhfeld, Dennis Condron, Douglas Downey


Can item response times provide insight into studentsā motivation and self-efļ¬cacy in math
What can we glean about studentsā social-emotional learning from how long they spend on math test questions? New research shows promise and limitations of using response time metadata to measure SEL.
By: James Soland
Topics: School & test engagement, Math & STEM, Social-emotional learning


In partnership with Santa Ana Unified School District, we explore the impact of chronic absenteeism on student achievement over two years and whether missing 10% of days is too late to take action.
Topics: School & test engagement


School effectiveness, summer loss and federal accountability
Learn more about the effect of seasonality on estimates of school effectiveness and how ignoring summer loss can impact which schools are identified as low performers.
Topics: Growth modeling, Seasonal learning patterns & summer loss, Student growth & accountability policies


English Language Learners, self-efficacy, and the achievement gap
Learn more about the relationship between self-efficacy and the persistence of achievement gaps for English Language Learners.
By: James Soland
Topics: Equity, English Language Learners, Social-emotional learning


Are achievement gap estimates biased by differential student test effort?
New research shows that test effort differs substantially across student gender and racial subgroups. What does this mean for achievement gap estimates?
By: James Soland
Topics: Equity, School & test engagement, Social-emotional learning


Do studentsā social-emotional learning (SEL) skills in middle school predict being off-track to graduate high school?
By: James Soland, Megan Kuhfeld
Topics: Growth modeling, High-growth schools & practices, Social-emotional learning