Research brief
Hot test days, lower math scores: How heat affects student achievement
October 2025
By: Megan Kuhfeld, Jim Soland, Sofia Postell

Description
This research report examines a growing challenge for U.S. schools: keeping classrooms cool as longer, more intense heat waves disrupt learning and strain aging infrastructure. As of 2020, about half of schools required HVAC upgrades, and many now face closures or shortened days due to extreme heat. The study combines daily temperature data from various sources with MAP Growth scores for grades 3ā8 across six states. Drawing on roughly three million test events from fall 2022, 2023 and 2024, the analysis finds that higher temperatures most strongly affect math scores, with students in high-poverty schools facing the greatest impact.
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Technical appendix for āHot test days, lower math scores: How heat affects student achievementā
This is the technical appendix to āHot test days, lower math scores: How heat affects student achievementā research report that examines the impact of environmental temperatures on student performance in math and reading, and whether those effects are more extreme for students in high-poverty schools, where cooling conditions may be less reliable.
By: Sofia Postell, Megan Kuhfeld, Susan Kowalski, Jazmin Isaacs
Products: MAP Growth


NWEAās MAP Growth National Dashboard provides timely trends and data on U.S. student academic achievement and growth for grades K-8. This free public tool supports district leaders, state and federal policymakers, and other education stakeholders in interpreting local data within a broader national and state context. It helps identify areas of strength, shine light on disparities, and ground policy conversations in evidence.
Products: MAP Growth
Topics: COVID-19 & schools, Equity, Growth


Trend Snapshots: Math Recovery Continues, Reading Remains Stalled in Spring 2025
This short research brief highlights trends seen in the latest data released in the NWEA Map Growth National Dashboard. In this first edition of Trend Snapshots, key findings from Spring 2025 data highlight a modest, incremental recovery post COVID, but stalled progress in reading achievement.
By: Karyn Lewis, Megan Kuhfeld
Products: MAP Growth
Topics: COVID-19 & schools, Growth


User Guide and FAQ: MAP Growth National Dashboard
This user guide explains how to navigate the MAPĀ® Growth⢠National Dashboard, understand the key metrics and terms, make appropriate comparisons of data, and communicate findings responsibly. This guide also includes a robust āFrequently Asked Questionsā section that provides in-depth answers about the dashboard and its uses.
By: Karyn Lewis, Megan Kuhfeld
Products: MAP Growth
Topics: Growth


Technical Appendix: MAP Growth National Dashboard
This is the accompanying technical appendix to the MAP Growth National Dashboard providing more details of the data and describing more fully the sample and methods used within the dashboard.
By: Karyn Lewis, Megan Kuhfeld
Topics: Growth


Severe weather events are no longer isolated anomalies. They are becoming a regular part of the school year in communities across the country. This brief highlights how severe weather events can cause deep and lasting disruptions to student learning and well-being, often in ways that far exceed the immediate days schools are closed. It also makes clear that while some communities are disproportionately at risk, no school is immune.
By: Megan Kuhfeld, Jim Soland, Sofia Postell


Family engagement as a long-term strategy for continued COVID recovery
This NWEA research report emphasizes the vital role of family engagement in helping students recover academically from the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report synthesizes current research on family engagement, examines the effectiveness of current strategies, identifies common barriers, and offers guidance for how districts can communicate more effectively with families about student progress.
By: Ayesha K. Hashim, Rebecca Johnson, Rachel Perera
Topics: COVID-19 & schools, Equity, Growth, Guidance