An Application of Propensity Score Stratification Using Multilevel Models: Do Charter Schools Make a Difference in Student Achievement and Growth? 8.13.2013 Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. By Yun Xiang and Shudong Wang Downloads Resource Type Research Report Focus Area Research Recommended Audience Assessment CoordinatorsClassroom AdministratorsDistrict AdministratorsResearchersTeachers